Cervical
cancers are one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women.
Almost each type of cervical cancers is caused due to the infection by
one of the 12 types of oncogenic human papilloma viruses (HPV). These
HPV viruses are sexually transmitted and can cause most of the anal
cancers; many vulvar, vaginal and penile cancers; and some oropharyngeal
cancers as well along with the cervical cancers. Pap smear tests and HPV tests
are designed in such a way that they help in early detection of
precancerous and cancerous processes of cervical cancers so as to avoid
contracting those cancers.
Pap
smear tests are also referred as Pap test or smear test or cervical
smear test, in which Pap smear is prepared by collecting cells from
outer cervix opening of the uterus and endocervix. These cells are
studied using a microscope so as to test them for the abnormalities
present in them. This test detects potentially pre-cancerous changes
(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical dysplasia), which are
mainly caused due to various types of sexually transmitted HPVs. Thus,
the test is widely utilized in the early detection of pre cancers and
cervical cancers. HPV tests are also referred HPV DNA tests, which is
mainly a follow up test for the abnormalities detected during the Pap
smear tests. Presently, HPV DNA tests are mostly ordered along with the
Pap smear tests, but can be utilized only for women between 30 to 65
years of age. Also, there are various HPV DNA tests available globally,
where most of them are FDA approved for detecting high risk HPVs. Pap
smear and HPV testing market can be classified into five major segments,
namely, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, immunoassays, molecular
diagnostics, chromosomal analysis, and other analyses.
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Major
driving factors for the growth of this market include, increasing
prevalence of cervical cancers, increasing demand for advanced cancer
diagnostics, increasing awareness about technological advancements in
cancer testing and aging population. The increasing prevalence of
various sexually transmitted diseases, increase the chances of
contracting cervical cancers and hence the need for these testing
procedures. The growing demand for advanced cancer diagnostics and
recent breakthroughs in cancer diagnosis and therapy, new specific
antigen findings and findings related to genetic basis of cancers have
further helped in the growth of this market. Increasing awareness among
the global population about the benefits associated with these type of
tests such as pre cancer detection have also led to the increased number
of procedures for testing cervical cancers across the globe. Rising
geriatric population will also add fuel this market, as they will
further demand for more cancer assays and tests and hence will
contribute towards the growth of this market in future.
Geographically,
North America dominates the Pap smear and HPV testing market followed
by Europe. Major factors responsible for the growth of this market in
these regions were high awareness levels among the people of these
regions about the disease as well as the testing procedures and
associated benefits. However, Asia-Pacific is the fastest growing market
for these tests due to increasing incidences of these cancers as well
as increasing awareness about the disease and available tests and
diagnostics. Some of the major players operating in this market are
Abbott Laboratories, Inc., Ascon Medical Instruments Pvt. Ltd., Becton,
Dickinson and Company, Beckman Coulter, Inc., Cardinal Health, Inc.,
Cooper Surgical, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.,
Guided Therapeutics, Inc., Olympus Corporation, and Siemens Healthcare.
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